Impacts of Urban Development between 2002 and 2022 on the Effects of Sea Breezes in Sendai, Japan—Analyzing Heat Balance Mechanism in Urban Space

Sea breezes are important in a coastal urban climate; however, the impact of development on effects sea breezes, which decrease air temperature and increase humidity, has not been understood quantitatively. To quantitatively evaluate this Sendai, Japan over past twenty years, study analyzed heat balance mechanisms spaces based simulation results Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with Local Climate Zone (LCZ) maps. Compared to observation data temperature, specific wind August 2002, numerical simulation, using 2002 LCZ map meteorological conditions confirmed that WRF could reproduce factors well. Thereafter, two simulations maps from 2022 were conducted same condition, 25 July 1 September 2008, extract breeze. Consequently, when land use changed built-up natural cover, both breeze—decreasing increasing humidity—decreased. Additionally, increases 3 (compact low rise), mainly 6 (open rise) 9 (sparsely built), decreased breeze (decreasing humidity) by 5% 10%, respectively, areas around Sendai Station. This was because consumption breeze’s potential humidity increased speed windward These provide new insights into reveal changes